Microforests and the Miyawaki Method: Small Spaces, Big Impact

Introduction

As the effects of climate change intensify, cities and communities worldwide are searching for practical solutions to restore biodiversity, cool urban heat, and capture carbon. One innovative answer comes in the form of microforests—compact, dense plantings of native species based on the Miyawaki method. These small forests can fit into schoolyards, road verges, parks, or even backyards, yet their environmental impact is surprisingly large.

What Are Microforests (Miyawaki)?

Microforests, also known as Miyawaki forests or tiny forests, are miniature native forests planted using a special technique developed by Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki. Instead of wide spacing, plants are sown close together—three to five young trees per square metre—creating competition that drives rapid growth.

Features of Microforests are typically:

• Planting only local native species suited to the site
• Designing the forest in layers—canopy trees, sub-canopy, shrubs, and groundcover
• Preparing soil with compost, mulch, or biochar to mimic mature forest conditions
• Allowing the forest to self-sustain after two to three years with minimal human input

Because of this dense planting, microforests can grow up to 10 times faster and become 30 times denser than conventional plantings.

The Visionary: Akira Miyawaki

Professor Akira Miyawaki (1928–2021) was a globally renowned ecologist who dedicated his career to restoring natural vegetation. He studied sacred groves around Japan as models of resilient ecosystems, then applied his research to reforestation projects worldwide.

Miyawaki supervised the creation of more than 1,400 microforests across Asia, Europe, and beyond. His work demonstrated that even the smallest pockets of land could be transformed into thriving forests. Today, the method carries his legacy forward as a powerful tool against biodiversity loss and climate change.

How It Works: Process & Technique

1. Soil Preparation – Improve fertility with compost, mulch, or biochar.
2. High-Density Planting – Plant three to five native plants per square metre, mixing species randomly.
3. Layered Structure – Combine canopy trees, understory, shrubs, and groundcovers to mimic natural forests.
4. Short Maintenance Phase – Weed, mulch, and water for the first 2–3 years until the forest is self-sustaining.

New Zealand in Action

Nelson Whakatu Microforest

New Zealand’s first Miyawaki-style microforest was planted in Nelson (Whakatu). A small patch of pastureland was transformed into a thriving native forest by local volunteers. Around 300 native saplings—including rimu, beech, kōwhai, and mānuka—were planted close together on enriched soil. The project has become a model for community-driven ecological restoration.
https://www.facebook.com/MicroforestNelson/

Kāpiti Coast Project

Another microforest was established in Waikanae (Kāpiti Coast), where nearly 400 native plants were packed into just 100 m². Supported by local groups and council, it shows how the Miyawaki method can bring biodiversity back to suburban and urban spaces.

https://www.kcnews.co.nz/2025/08/07/treespace-kapiti-plant-tiny-urban-forest/

Global Microforest Movements

• Europe: Tiny forests are growing in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Ireland.
• India: Thousands of Miyawaki forests have been planted, including sacred groves and urban corridors.
• Pakistan: Karachi is home to a vast Miyawaki urban forest covering 200 acres.
• North America: Cities like Cambridge (Massachusetts) and Los Angeles have adopted the model to combat urban heat.

Benefits & Impact

• Carbon Sequestration – Capture up to 30 times more carbon per square metre than conventional plantings.
• Urban Cooling – Reduce heat island effects and provide shade.
• Biodiversity – Create habitats for birds, insects, and pollinators.
• Community Engagement – Encourage local participation and environmental education.

Challenges & Criticisms

While powerful, the Miyawaki method is not without its critics:

• Cost – Establishment can be more expensive per square metre than traditional plantings.
• Ecological Authenticity – Artificially dense plantings may not fully replicate long-term natural succession.
• Maintenance Commitment – The first two to three years require dedicated care.

Best practices include careful species selection, strong community involvement, and adapting the method to local conditions.

How to Start Your Own Microforest

1. Choose Your Site – As little as 100 m² can work.
2. Select Local Native Species – Prioritise trees, shrubs, and groundcovers suited to your region.
3. Prepare the Soil – Add organic matter, mulch, and/or biochar.
4. Plant Densely – Space palnts just 30–60 cm apart.
5. Involve Volunteers – Gather neighbours, schools, or community groups.
6. Maintain for 2–3 Years – Weed, mulch, and water regularly until established.

Conclusion

Microforests, inspired by the Miyawaki method, prove that small spaces can deliver big ecological impact. Whether in a suburban park, a roadside verge, or your own backyard, these dense, fast-growing native forests help restore biodiversity, capture carbon, and reconnect people with nature.

With climate change pressing and urban areas expanding, planting a microforest is one of the most effective and inspiring actions we can take. Small spaces, big impact—start your microforest today.

Go To Gardening NZ Home Page From August New Zealand Gardening Calendar.